22nd International Conference on the European Energy Market - EEM26, Trondheim (Noruega). 22-24 junio 2026
Resumen:
Residential prosumers combining rooftop PV, stationary batteries (BESS), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G)-capable EVs require distribution tariffs that reward, rather than suppress, flexibility. This paper quantifies how the structural design of monthly peak-demand charges affects prosumer operations in Sweden. Using the EL1XR-Opt MILP framework, we co-optimise PV, battery dispatch, EV smart charging, and V2G under an explicit tariff model over a full year of hourly data across ten representative households from a low-voltage network in the SE3 bidding zone; perfect-foresight results are upper bounds on achievable cost reduction. Five tariff scenarios decompose the current Swedish effekttariff (monthly power-demand charge) into three design dimensions: charge level (μpk), selection window (daily-reset vs. monthly-pool), and averaging intensity (|K|). The peak charge reshapes rather than uniformly suppresses DER dispatch: BESS throughput remains substantial while V2G is disproportionately constrained. More strikingly, structural alternatives at the same nominal charge rate raise household costs by 33–38% and penalise inflexible households most severely, exposing a significant tariff equity risk. Halving the charge rate (μpk÷2) is the sole Pareto-favourable lever: it reduces costs by 11.2% with near-unchanged grid peak. These findings provide quantitative evidence for the tariff parameters that Swedish regulators and DSOs must calibrate before the 2027 rollout.
Resumen divulgativo:
Los prosumidores residenciales con sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV), baterías y vehículos eléctricos con tecnología V2G necesitan tarifas que recompensen la flexibilidad. Este estudio muestra que el diseño de las tarifas por demanda máxima influye significativamente en los costes y en el uso de los recursos energéticos distribuidos (DER); los cambios estructurales pueden aumentar los costes hasta un 38 %, mientras que reducir a la mitad estos cargos disminuye los costes en aproximadamente un 11 % sin incrementar los picos de demanda de la red.
Palabras clave: Prosumers; peak-demand tariff; DER integration; battery and EV flexibility; tariff design.
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM68581.2026.11589639
Publicado en: IEEE EEM 2026: Conference proceedings, pp: 1-7, ISBN: 979-8-3195-3555-9
Fecha de publicación: 10-jul-2026
Cita:
E. F. Álvarez, A. Ramos, "When Residential Tariffs Fail to Reward Flexibility: Modelling Prosumers Under Realistic Tariff Structures", presentado en 22nd International Conference on the European Energy Market - EEM26, Trondheim, Noruega, 22-24 junio 2026. En: IEEE EEM 2026: Conference proceedings, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/EEM68581.2026.11589639
IIT-26-194C
